To join the army commanded by the Duke of Parma in the Spanish Netherlands, Philip II planned to sail with his fleet and army, a combined force of some 30,000 men, into the English Channel in 1588. Many believe that Phillip's decision was influenced by the 1585 execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. Several elements came together to influence the decision to invade. Mary, Queen of Scots' death was mandated by Elizabeth I. ![]() The English have also intensified their anti-Catholic measures. English acts were harming Spanish interests in the New Lands and the Netherlands. Targeting Spanish commerce in the Atlantic and across Europe was done on purpose by English sailors. The English desired to dominate Spain, thus English pirates frequently engaged Spanish ships in battle. There was a struggle between the Catholic faith in Spain and Protestantism in England because of years of political and theological contention. After the conflict, Spain remained a powerful nation. The Armada's defeat dealt severe damage to Spain's reputation as the world's most powerful nation at the time. The invasion dreams of Spain were dashed by the setback at Gravelines. ![]() A large and heavily armed ship known as the Spanish Armada aimed to act on a political and religious basis. On August 8, 1588, in the Battle of Gravelines, the British Navy destroyed the Spanish Armada.
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